Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between Light Microscopy (LM) and Electron Microscopy (EM) in terms of resolution?

Accepted Answer

EM provides higher resolution than LM because electrons have shorter wavelengths than visible light.

Question 2

A scientist wants to view the internal structure of a mitochondrion at a resolution of 2 nm. Which type of microscopy should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Question 3

If a cell measures $125 	imes 1$ arbitrary units under LM, and the scale bar in the image is $25$ units, what is the magnification?

Accepted Answer

$5 	imes$

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for carrying out genetic instructions from DNA to ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 5

Smooth ER, Rough ER, and Golgi Apparatus are all membrane systems. Which of the following correctly matches their main function?

Accepted Answer

Smooth ER: lipid synthesis; Rough ER: protein synthesis; Golgi: protein modification and sorting

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the trans face of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It is the side where modified proteins exit the Golgi and are sorted for transport.

Question 7

A protein destined for secretion is synthesized in the ER. What must happen before it can be secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

It must be modified and sorted in the Golgi apparatus.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the function of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria produce ATP via cellular respiration; chloroplasts produce glucose via photosynthesis.

Question 9

Which statement best describes the highly folded inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

It increases surface area for metabolic reactions.

Question 10

Microtubules are composed of which protein, and what is one major function they serve in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Tubulin; chromosome movement during mitosis

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 12

A mutation prevents the formation of lysosomes in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the whole endomembrane system working together?

Accepted Answer

It coordinates the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids within the cell.

Question 14

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus: modification and sorting of proteins

Question 15

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of rough ER. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of large amounts of protein

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the pathway of a secreted protein in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

ER → Golgi → Plasma membrane

Question 17

A cell is treated with a drug that disrupts microtubule formation. Which cellular process would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome separation during mitosis

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of cellular products.

Question 19

Which organelle is responsible for sorting and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

A cell is observed under TEM and shows many vesicles near the Golgi apparatus. What is the most likely explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The cell is actively synthesizing and secreting proteins.

Cell Structure, Organelles, and Microscopy: Study Notes for General Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions