Question 1

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory regarding the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell.

Question 2

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin)

Question 3

A mutation in the gene encoding dynein would most likely affect which cellular structure or process?

Accepted Answer

Cilia and flagella movement

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why plant cells have a large central vacuole?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and regulates turgor pressure.

Question 5

The SA:V (surface area to volume) ratio is important in plant cells because:

Accepted Answer

It affects the efficiency of nutrient and waste exchange across the cell membrane.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins can move laterally within the layer.

Question 7

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Burst due to water influx.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via a transport protein.

Question 9

Which type of membrane protein is directly involved in active transport?

Accepted Answer

Carrier proteins (pumps)

Question 10

If a cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell, what can you infer about the solution?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypertonic to the cell.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating intracellular transport

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the surface area to volume ratio for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$SA:V = \frac{4 \pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$}$$

Question 13

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and the plasma membrane will pull away from the cell wall (plasmolysis).

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of motor proteins such as kinesin and dynein?

Accepted Answer

They move vesicles and organelles along microtubules.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plant cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria have their own DNA?

Accepted Answer

They originated from prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotes.

Question 17

Which of the following processes requires energy input from ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 18

A scientist observes that a certain protein spans the entire plasma membrane and allows ions to pass through. This protein is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A channel protein

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct communication and transport of materials between adjacent plant cells.

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of selective permeability of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Some molecules, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, diffuse freely, while others require transport proteins.

Cell Structure, Plant Cells, and Cell Transport: Review Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions