Question 1

Which statement best describes the cell theory as presented in Chapter 6?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms, and all cells arise only from division of preexisting cells.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the internal structure of mitochondria at a resolution of 10 nm. Which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Question 3

Which of the following is a feature shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 4

A cell is observed to have paired linear chromosomes, a nucleus, and undergoes mitosis. To which domain or kingdom does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryota

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids, metabolizing carbohydrates, detoxifying drugs, and storing calcium ions?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

A mutation disrupts the nuclear lamina in a cell. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Loss of nuclear shape and structural integrity

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between a cell’s surface area and volume for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$A = 4 \pi r^2$, $V = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size?

Accepted Answer

Because metabolic requirements set limits, and the surface area to volume ratio decreases as cell size increases.

Question 9

A cell is observed to have many lysosomes. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of macromolecules

Question 10

Which process involves a cell engulfing another cell or particle, forming a food vacuole that fuses with a lysosome for digestion?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 11

Which organelle is the site of ATP synthesis and contains cristae to increase surface area for enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

Which structure in plant cells is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape, protecting the cell, and preventing excessive water uptake?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 13

Which component of the cytoskeleton is involved in chromosome movement during cell division and is constructed of tubulin dimers?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 14

A patient’s cells lack functional dynein motor proteins. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Bending movements of cilia and flagella

Question 15

Which cell junction in animal cells prevents the passage of extracellular fluid between neighboring cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 16

Which extracellular structure in animal cells is composed mainly of collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin, and interacts with integrins?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 17

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 18

A freshwater protist uses a contractile vacuole. What is the main function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Pumping excess water out of the cell

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing cytoplasmic channels for water, solutes, and sometimes proteins and RNA between adjacent cells

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Cell Structures: An Overview of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

Study Guide - Practice Questions