Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes during meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes are separated during meiosis I, while sister chromatids remain together.

Question 2

A cell with a diploid number of 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 3

Which of the following events occurs during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for holding sister chromatids together?

Accepted Answer

Centromere

Question 5

In plants, cytokinesis is accomplished by the formation of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Cell plate

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

It combines genetic material from two parents and allows for homologous recombination.

Question 7

A human cell with 47 chromosomes is most likely an example of which condition?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Question 8

Which of the following is a key difference between cytokinesis in animal and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate.

Question 9

Which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle is primarily responsible for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

If a diploid organism has a haploid number of $$n = 8$$, how many chromosomes are present in a somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$16$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes homologous recombination during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

Question 12

Which of the following sex determination systems is found in birds?

Accepted Answer

ZW system (males are ZZ, females are ZW)

Question 13

A cell fails to pass the G$$_1$$ checkpoint due to DNA damage. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will enter G$$_0$$ phase or undergo apoptosis.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes

Question 15

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

A cell with two sets of chromosomes

Question 17

If a mutation prevents the formation of the spindle apparatus during mitosis, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids will not separate properly.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a species with environmental sex determination?

Accepted Answer

Some reptiles, such as turtles, where temperature determines sex

Question 19

A cell in metaphase II of meiosis contains how many chromatids compared to the original diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

Half the number of chromatids as the original diploid cell

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why Down syndrome is more common than Turner syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is more compatible with life than monosomy X (Turner syndrome).

Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions