Q: Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in all cells?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by cells in all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)?

Accepted Answer

Use of ATP as the major energy carrier

Question 2

A scientist discovers a microorganism living in a hot spring with a cell wall that does NOT contain peptidoglycan, a unique flagellum, and membrane lipids distinct from those found in bacteria. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which group of organisms possesses the most diverse modes of nutrition and metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in all cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 5

A bacterial cell is exposed to an antibiotic that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall will weaken, leading to cell rupture and death

Question 6

Which of the following statements about bacterial plasmids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids replicate independently of chromosomal DNA

Question 7

A Gram-negative bacterium is characterized by which of the following cell wall features?

Accepted Answer

A thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane

Question 8

Which structure is responsible for bacterial motility and is structurally distinct from fimbriae?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 9

During binary fission in bacteria, which protein forms the Z-ring that is essential for cell division?

Accepted Answer

FtsZ

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why bacteria can thrive in extreme environments such as hot springs and Antarctic ice?

Accepted Answer

They exhibit dense genetic and biochemical diversity, allowing for varied energy and carbon sources

Question 11

A researcher is studying a prokaryotic cell with a circular chromosome, ribosomes, and a cell wall, but the cell wall is NOT made of peptidoglycan. Which domain is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the bacterial glycocalyx (capsule/slime layer)?

Accepted Answer

Protects bacteria from extreme temperatures, desiccation, antibiotics, viruses, and antibodies

Question 13

Which metabolic mode is NOT found in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Chemoautotrophy

Question 14

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are macromolecular machines for protein synthesis

Question 15

A bacterium with a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Gram-positive

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the major energy carrier inside cells

Question 17

Which extracellular appendage is primarily used by bacteria for attachment to surfaces or other cells, rather than for motility?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about archaeal cell structure?

Accepted Answer

Archaea have unique membrane lipids and cell walls not made of peptidoglycan

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of weakening the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria are more likely to rupture and die due to osmotic pressure

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why some bacteria have both flagella and fimbriae?

Accepted Answer

Flagella are used for motility, while fimbriae are used for attachment to surfaces or other cells

Cellular Characteristics and Metabolism Across the Three Domains of Life

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