Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by cells in all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)?

Accepted Answer

Use of ATP as the major energy carrier

Question 2

A scientist discovers a microorganism living in a hot spring with a cell wall that does NOT contain peptidoglycan, a unique membrane lipid structure, and a circular chromosome. Which domain does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which group of organisms possesses the most diverse modes of nutrition and metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the genetic information flow in all living cells?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 5

A bacterial cell is exposed to an antibiotic that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell wall will weaken, leading to cell rupture and death

Question 6

Which structure is found in some bacteria and protects them from desiccation, antibiotics, and the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Glycocalyx (capsule/slime layer)

Question 7

Which of the following statements about bacterial plasmids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They replicate independently of chromosomal DNA

Question 8

A Gram-negative bacterium is characterized by which of the following cell wall features?

Accepted Answer

A thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Site of DNA replication

Question 10

During binary fission in bacteria, which protein is responsible for forming the Z-ring that initiates cell division?

Accepted Answer

FtsZ

Question 11

Which extracellular appendage is primarily used by bacteria for motility?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) are found in almost all regions of Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

They exhibit extensive genetic and biochemical diversity

Question 13

Which metabolic mode is NOT found in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Chemoautotrophy

Question 14

A bacterium attaches to a host cell using short, rigid, hair-like structures. What are these structures called?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 15

Which of the following statements about Archaea is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They have unique membrane lipids not found in Bacteria or Eukarya

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the bacterial nucleoid?

Accepted Answer

A region containing a single, circular DNA molecule

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible consequence if a bacterium loses its glycocalyx?

Accepted Answer

It will be more susceptible to desiccation and immune attack

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 19

A bacterium is observed to move toward a nutrient source. Which structure is most likely responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 20

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cell division is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is called binary fission and involves the FtsZ protein

Cellular Diversity and Metabolism Across the Three Domains of Life

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