Q: Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of ATP by motor proteins?

$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 2

A neuron is 1 cm long. If neurotransmitter vesicles relied solely on Brownian motion to travel from the cell body to the synaptic cleft, it would take over 20 days. What cellular structure enables rapid transport of these vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 3

Motor proteins use energy to 'walk' vesicles along cytoskeletal fibers. Which molecule provides the energy for this process?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of microtubules in neurons?

Accepted Answer

They provide tracks for motor proteins to transport vesicles.

Question 5

The endosymbiotic theory explains the evolutionary origin of which organelles?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Directed movement of vesicles and organelles

Question 7

During muscle contraction, which cytoskeletal element interacts with myosin motor proteins?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can grow larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They possess an endomembrane system and cytoskeleton for efficient transport.

Question 9

A mutation disables the motor protein kinesin in a neuron. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitter vesicles accumulate in the cell body.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 11

Which part of the Golgi apparatus is closest to the endoplasmic reticulum and receives newly synthesized proteins?

Accepted Answer

Cis Golgi

Question 12

Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of ATP by motor proteins?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the movement of vesicles in neurons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Motor proteins transport vesicles along microtubules using ATP.

Question 14

Which structure is responsible for controlling the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 15

Which of the following is a similarity between mitochondria and prokaryotes that supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Division by binary fission

Question 16

A scientist observes a cell with many cilia on its surface. What is the most likely function of these cilia?

Accepted Answer

Movement of the cell or substances across its surface

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between flagella and cilia?

Accepted Answer

Cilia are shorter and more numerous than flagella.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of impaired cytoskeletal function in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Impaired neurotransmitter release and possible neurological disorders

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 20

Which process allows eukaryotic cells to overcome the limitations of diffusion for intracellular transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport along cytoskeletal fibers

Cellular Endomembrane System and Cytoskeleton: Structure, Function, and Transport

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