Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic reactions break down larger molecules into smaller ones and release energy, while anabolic reactions build larger molecules from smaller ones and require energy input.

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following statements is correct regarding energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy is transformed from one form to another, but the total amount remains constant.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in a cell?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Question 4

A scientist measures the rate of yeast respiration at different temperatures and finds the highest rate at $$40^\circ C. $$What is the most likely explanation for the decrease in respiration rate at $$50^\circ C$$?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes involved in respiration become denatured at high temperatures.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why plants appear green to the human eye?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs red and blue light.

Question 6

During cellular respiration, which process occurs in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It uses the flow of hydrogen ions to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Question 9

A student is investigating the effect of pH on the rate of yeast respiration. Which variable should be kept constant to ensure a fair test?

Accepted Answer

The amount of yeast used in each trial.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about endergonic and exergonic reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Endergonic reactions require energy input, while exergonic reactions release energy.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

It transfers electrons to oxygen, generating a proton gradient used to produce ATP.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why endotherms require more energy than ectotherms?

Accepted Answer

Endotherms use energy to maintain a constant internal body temperature.

Question 14

In the ATP molecule, which part is responsible for storing the majority of the energy used in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

The bonds between the phosphate groups

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of proteins from amino acids during muscle growth

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while cellular respiration releases energy from glucose.

Question 17

A plant is exposed only to green light. What is the most likely effect on its rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

The rate of photosynthesis will decrease.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Krebs cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron transport chain

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why fermentation occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is limited, so cells produce ATP through fermentation.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

They produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in the Calvin cycle.

Cellular Energetics: Energy, Metabolism, Photosynthesis, and Respiration

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