Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes catabolism from anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down complex molecules to release energy, while anabolism uses energy to build complex molecules.

Question 2

How does ATP function as an energy intermediary in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases it to drive anabolic reactions.

Question 3

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell, and what are its net inputs and outputs?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm; net inputs are glucose and 2 ATP, outputs are 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and 4 ATP.

Question 4

Which of the following correctly compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration produces more ATP per glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration.

Question 5

Which sensory receptor is responsible for detecting changes in temperature?

Accepted Answer

Thermoreceptor

Question 6

What is the primary function of interneurons in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To connect sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A mechanism that reverses a change to maintain internal stability.

Question 8

During synaptic transmission, what is the role of neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

They carry the nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft to the next neuron.

Question 9

How do hormones specifically target certain cells in the body?

Accepted Answer

Only cells with specific receptors for the hormone will respond to its signal.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence in a feedback-control diagram for thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus → Receptor → Control Centre → Effector

Question 11

Which physiological response helps cool the body during high temperatures?

Accepted Answer

Sweating

Question 12

What is the main role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in osmoregulation?

Accepted Answer

ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output.

Question 13

A patient is exposed to cold temperatures. Which feedback mechanism is most likely activated?

Accepted Answer

Shivering and vasoconstriction

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why a cell’s sensitivity to a hormone can change?

Accepted Answer

The number of receptors for the hormone on the cell surface can increase or decrease.

Question 15

Which of the following is a structural adaptation for thermoregulation in endotherms?

Accepted Answer

Thick fur

Question 16

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$$

Question 17

A person is dehydrated after running a marathon. Which hormone is released and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

ADH; increases water reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 18

Which of the following is a behavioral response for thermoregulation in endotherms?

Accepted Answer

Seeking shade during hot weather

Question 19

Which step in aerobic respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 20

A person’s blood glucose rises after a meal. Which feedback mechanism is activated to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Release of insulin to promote glucose uptake by cells

Cellular Energy and Homeostasis: Study Notes for Biology Term 3

Study Guide - Practice Questions