$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which statement best describes the First Law of Thermodynamics as it applies to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 2

During cellular respiration, which of the following best explains why not all energy from food is available for cellular work?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is lost as heat during the conversion process.

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 4

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their red blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will lose water and shrivel.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease the activation energy, speeding up reactions.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of oxygen from high to low concentration across the cell membrane.

Question 7

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will become turgid as water enters the cell.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

The active site of an enzyme has a unique shape that fits only specific substrates.

Question 9

Which process requires energy input in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of sodium ions out of the cell.

Question 10

A competitive inhibitor affects an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and blocking substrate binding.

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-life example of feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a metabolic pathway binds to an enzyme early in the pathway, reducing its activity.

Question 12

Which of the following molecules can cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O}_2)$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity increases to an optimal temperature, then decreases as the enzyme denatures.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information.

Question 15

A cell uses exocytosis to:

Accepted Answer

Release large molecules, such as proteins, out of the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 18

A person with a genetic mutation that produces non-functional sodium-potassium pumps would likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Impaired nerve signaling due to inability to maintain ion gradients.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst in hypotonic solutions, but animal cells do?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that prevents bursting.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of active transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of potassium ions into a neuron against their concentration gradient.

Cellular Energy, Enzymes, and Membrane Transport: Principles of Biology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions