Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell, while meiosis produces cells with half the chromosome number.

Question 2

A human cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$46$

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the genetic variation observed in offspring produced by sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during meiosis

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

If a diploid organism has a chromosome number of $2n = 8$, how many possible combinations of chromosomes can be produced in its gametes due to independent assortment alone?

Accepted Answer

$2^4 = 16$

Question 6

Which of the following events occurs during prophase I of meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes pair and crossing over occurs

Question 7

Cancer cells are characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

They divide uncontrollably due to a loss of cell cycle regulation.

Question 8

A plant cell is observed forming a cell plate during cytokinesis. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The cell is a eukaryotic plant cell undergoing mitosis.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why offspring produced by sexual reproduction are genetically different from their parents?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis

Question 10

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II in a human oocyte, what is a possible chromosomal outcome in the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes will have an extra chromosome (n+1), and some will be missing a chromosome (n-1).

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Growth and tissue repair

Question 12

A benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor in that a benign tumor:

Accepted Answer

Remains at its original site

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid cells, each genetically unique

Question 14

Which syndrome is characterized by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome

Question 15

If a single diploid somatic cell with 18 chromosomes undergoes meiosis and produces sperm, how many chromosomes will each sperm cell contain?

Accepted Answer

$9$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 17

What is the primary purpose of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

To increase genetic variation among gametes

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why a person with XXY chromosomes develops Klinefelter syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Because the presence of an extra X chromosome disrupts normal development

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of cytokinesis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Pinching of the plasma membrane to form two separate cells

Question 20

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for the same traits, but may have different alleles.

Chapter 8: Cellular Reproduction & Meiosis

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