Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To enable growth and repair by producing genetically identical cells

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A human cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 4

Which of the following events occurs during metaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plate

Question 5

Which process results in the formation of gametes with half the chromosome number of the original cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 6

If a diploid organism has a haploid number $$n = 8$$, what is the diploid number of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

$$16$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why crossing over during meiosis increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

It allows homologous chromosomes to exchange genetic material

Question 8

A woman who is a carrier for hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder) and a man who does not have hemophilia have a son. What is the probability that their son will have hemophilia? Use a Punnett square to solve.

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expresses both A and B antigens

Question 10

Which statement best describes Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Genes located on different chromosomes are inherited independently of each other

Question 11

A cell with 24 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical cells; meiosis produces four genetically unique cells

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a phenotype?

Accepted Answer

The observable physical traits of an organism

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait?

Accepted Answer

Height in humans

Question 15

If a cell fails to pass the G1 checkpoint due to DNA damage, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will repair the DNA or undergo apoptosis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells divide uncontrollably?

Accepted Answer

They ignore cell cycle checkpoints and signals for apoptosis

Question 17

A man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B have a child with blood type O. What are the genotypes of the parents?

Accepted Answer

IAi and IBi

Question 18

Which of the following is a result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of spindle fibers during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They attach to chromosomes and help separate sister chromatids

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of environmental influence on a genetic trait?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins have different skin colors due to sun exposure

Cellular Reproduction, Meiosis, and Patterns of Inheritance: Review Questions

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