Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of cellular respiration in cells?

Accepted Answer

To break down glucose and harvest energy to produce ATP.

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net production of ATP and NADH per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP and $$2$$ NADH

Question 3

Which enzyme in glycolysis is directly inhibited by high levels of ATP through feedback inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Question 4

In the absence of oxygen, which process allows cells to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the four main steps of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Pyruvate processing → Citric acid cycle → Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why fermentation produces less ATP than cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not fully oxidize glucose, resulting in less energy extraction.

Question 7

A patient with a genetic defect in pyruvate dehydrogenase would have difficulty converting pyruvate into which molecule?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl CoA

Question 8

Which of the following statements about catabolic and anabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways harvest stored chemical energy to produce ATP.

Question 9

Which of the following macromolecules is typically used first by cells for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 10

A scientist inhibits the enzyme phosphofructokinase in a cell. What is the most likely immediate effect on glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis will slow down or stop due to feedback inhibition.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of pyruvate processing in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl CoA

Question 13

If a cell is exposed to a compound that inhibits the enzyme responsible for converting fatty acids to acetyl CoA, which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a direct product of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered unstable in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP contains high-energy phosphate bonds that are easily broken, releasing energy.

Question 16

A cancer cell is found to use alanine as an alternative energy source. Inhibiting which enzyme would most likely reduce the cell's growth?

Accepted Answer

An enzyme involved in converting alanine to pyruvate

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the fate of the carbon atoms in glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They are released as carbon dioxide.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key regulatory mechanism for pyruvate dehydrogenase activity?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation inactivates the enzyme when ATP, NADH, or acetyl CoA levels are high

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cells must constantly produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

ATP is unstable and cannot be stored in large amounts.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the role of glycolysis intermediates in metabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis intermediates can be used to synthesize nucleotides for DNA and RNA.

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Chapter 9.1–9.3 Study Guide

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