Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, and cellular respiration releases that chemical energy to produce ATP.

Question 2

During a redox reaction, which statement correctly identifies the oxidizing agent?

Accepted Answer

The oxidizing agent is the molecule that gains electrons and becomes reduced.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$

Question 4

Which process directly produces ATP by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 5

In glycolysis, what are the net outputs per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Question 6

Which enzyme type in glycolysis is responsible for transferring phosphate groups to substrates?

Accepted Answer

Kinase

Question 7

During pyruvate oxidation, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA, CO$_2$ is released, and NAD+ is reduced to NADH.

Question 8

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$_2$

Question 9

What is the main consequence of making the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to protons, as occurs with dinitrophenol (DNP) treatment?

Accepted Answer

ATP production decreases because the proton gradient is dissipated.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is converted to 2 lactate and 2 ATP are produced via substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 11

Which statement best explains why obligate anaerobes cannot survive in the presence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is toxic to their cellular components and disrupts their metabolism.

Question 12

In the citric acid cycle, what are the main outputs per turn of the cycle for one acetyl-CoA?

Accepted Answer

2 CO$_2$, 3 NADH, 1 FADH$_2$, 1 ATP

Question 13

Which process in cellular respiration is responsible for the majority of ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 14

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about alcohol fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol fermentation produces 2 ethanol, 2 CO$_2$, and 2 ATP per glucose molecule.

Question 16

Which step in cellular respiration occurs in the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 17

A scientist leaves seeds in a totally dark room and observes that they sprout and grow shoots. If the plants continue to grow in total darkness, which statement is true about their energy source?

Accepted Answer

They rely on cellular respiration to generate ATP from stored organic molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes chemiosmosis in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space, creating a gradient that drives ATP synthesis as protons flow back through ATP synthase.

Question 19

Facultative anaerobes differ from obligate anaerobes in that facultative anaerobes:

Accepted Answer

Can switch between aerobic respiration and fermentation depending on oxygen availability.

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Processes, Mechanisms, and Energy Yield (chapter 7)

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