Q: Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \text{Energy (ATP + heat)}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{Energy (ATP + heat)}$

Question 2

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis)

Question 3

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$_2$

Question 4

What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$2$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about NAD$^+$ in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

NAD$^+$ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, carrying electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 6

Which process occurs in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 7

In the citric acid cycle, what is the first step after acetyl-CoA enters the cycle?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why fats produce more ATP per gram than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Fats have more high-energy electrons and hydrogen atoms, which are transferred to NADH and FADH$_2$ for ATP synthesis.

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between fermentation and aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor, while aerobic respiration uses oxygen.

Question 10

What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses the proton gradient to catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.

Question 11

During lactic acid fermentation, what is the fate of pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

It is reduced by NADH to form lactate

Question 12

Which of the following is a product of alcohol fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 13

Which step in cellular respiration produces the first molecule of CO$_2$?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate oxidation

Question 14

What is the main purpose of feedback inhibition in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To prevent wasteful overproduction of ATP when energy is abundant

Question 15

Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP.

Question 16

In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed through a series of carriers. What is the main advantage of this stepwise transfer?

Accepted Answer

It allows energy to be released in manageable amounts for ATP synthesis.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about facultative anaerobes?

Accepted Answer

They can switch between fermentation and cellular respiration depending on oxygen availability.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of chemiosmosis?

Accepted Answer

The use of a proton gradient across a membrane to drive ATP synthesis.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle per turn?

Accepted Answer

2 Pyruvate

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the electron transport chain. Which of the following would most likely be observed in their cells?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ATP production and increased reliance on fermentation

Ch.9-Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

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