$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP through cellular respiration

Question 2

During aerobic respiration, which of the following is the correct sequence of stages?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $$\rightarrow$$ Krebs cycle $$\rightarrow$$ Electron transport chain

Question 3

Which part of the mitochondrion contains the enzymes for the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

Matrix

Question 4

What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of ATP yield per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration produces about $$36$$ ATP, while anaerobic produces $$2$$ ATP

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct input and output for glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Input: Glucose; Output: 2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

Question 6

In alcoholic fermentation, which of the following is produced as a waste product?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Question 7

Why do hydrogen ions (protons) move through ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

To provide the energy needed to synthesize ATP from ADP and $$P_i$$

Question 8

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 9

A patient’s muscle cells are deprived of oxygen during intense exercise. Which process will their cells primarily use to generate ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the electron transport chain requires oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, forming water

Question 11

How many ATP molecules are produced directly by the Krebs cycle per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct summary of the inputs and outputs of the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Inputs: NADH, FADH$$_2$$, O$$_2$$; Outputs: ATP, H$$_2O$$

Question 13

If a poison blocks the movement of electrons along the electron transport chain, what is the most immediate effect on ATP production?

Accepted Answer

ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation stops

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

The process of generating ATP using a proton gradient and ATP synthase

Question 16

A yeast cell is placed in an anaerobic environment. Which product will it most likely produce from glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol and CO$$_2$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about lactic acid fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

It regenerates NAD$$^+ so $$glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen

Question 18

During the electron transport chain, what is the main role of NADH and FADH$$_2$$?

Accepted Answer

They donate electrons to the chain, powering proton pumps

Question 19

A genetic mutation causes a defect in the ATP synthase enzyme. Which of the following would most likely occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

Cells would produce less ATP during oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded into cristae?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis

Cellular Respiration and Mitochondria: Key Concepts and Processes

Study Guide - Practice Questions