$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\,\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\,\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\,\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 2

During which stage of aerobic cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis

Question 3

What is the primary function of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To carry electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain

Question 4

Which process allows human muscle cells to continue producing ATP in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a product of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 6

In the cell cycle, which phase is responsible for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 7

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces identical cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse cells

Question 8

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly aligned and attached to spindle fibers before division?

Accepted Answer

M (metaphase) checkpoint

Question 9

What is the role of the p53 protein in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

It triggers repair or apoptosis if errors are detected

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes

Question 11

If a cell ignores cell cycle checkpoints, what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may become cancerous

Question 12

Which type of cell division produces gametes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 13

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align in the middle of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 14

Which of the following statements about fermentation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation regenerates NAD+ from NADH

Question 15

What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Cells with extra or missing chromosomes (aneuploidy)

Question 16

Which equation represents the number of possible genetic combinations due to independent assortment in meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2^n$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of tumor-suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

Inhibit cell division

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the formation of genetically identical daughter cells in humans?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 19

What is the main difference between obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes?

Accepted Answer

Obligate anaerobes cannot survive in oxygen, facultative anaerobes can switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism

Question 20

Which stage of meiosis is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Cellular Respiration, Cell Cycle, and Meiosis: Core Concepts in College Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions