Q: Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for cellular respiration?

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy (ATP + heat)}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD	extsuperscript{+} in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glucose oxidation.

Question 2

During aerobic cellular respiration, what is the correct sequence of major metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis $\rightarrow$ Citric Acid Cycle $\rightarrow$ Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy (ATP + heat)}$

Question 4

In the electron transport chain, what is the primary function of the flow of H	extsuperscript{+} ions through ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 5

Which process allows cells to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen, and what is its net ATP yield per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation; 2 ATP

Question 6

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, and what is the product formed?

Accepted Answer

O$_2$; H$_2$O

Question 7

A patient’s muscle cells are deprived of oxygen during intense exercise. Which metabolic pathway will predominate, and what is the likely end product?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation; lactate

Question 8

Which of the following statements about catabolic pathways is correct?

Accepted Answer

They break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Question 9

During glycolysis, glucose is converted into which molecule, and how many net ATP are produced per glucose?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate; 2 ATP

Question 10

Which enzyme is a key regulatory point in glycolysis, and how is it regulated?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase (PFK); inhibited by ATP and citrate, activated by AMP

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why fats yield more ATP per gram than carbohydrates during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fats have more reduced carbon atoms, providing more electrons for the electron transport chain.

Question 12

If a cell’s electron transport chain is inhibited, which immediate effect would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of NADH and FADH$_2$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct comparison between aerobic respiration and fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses O$_2$ as the final electron acceptor and yields ~36 ATP per glucose; fermentation does not use O$_2$ and yields 2 ATP per glucose.

Question 14

Which step links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle, and what molecule is produced?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA; acetyl CoA

Question 15

Which of the following is true about oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from electron transfer to pump H	extsuperscript{+} ions and synthesize ATP.

Question 16

A mutation disables phosphofructokinase (PFK) in a cell. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis will be halted, preventing ATP production from glucose.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of feedback inhibition in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP inhibits phosphofructokinase (PFK) in glycolysis.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and releases CO$_2$.

Question 19

A cell is exposed to cyanide, which blocks the transfer of electrons to oxygen in the electron transport chain. What is the most immediate effect?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis will stop.

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy – Study Notes

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