Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the context of energy flow in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert CO$$_2$$ and H$$_2O $$into organic molecules and O$$_2$$, while cellular respiration breaks down organic molecules using O$$_2 to $$produce CO$$_2$$, H$$_2O$$, and ATP.

Question 2

During aerobic cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 3

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

What is the net ATP gain from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP

Question 5

Which process allows muscle cells to continue producing ATP when oxygen is scarce?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 6

In the citric acid cycle, what is the fate of the two carbons from acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

They are released as CO$$_2.$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol and does not require oxygen.

Question 8

What is the role of NAD$$^+ in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during redox reactions.

Question 9

Which equation correctly summarizes aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct product of substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 11

Brown fat in adults is unique because its mitochondria can:

Accepted Answer

Burn fuel and produce heat without making ATP.

Question 12

Which metabolic pathway is thought to have evolved earliest in the history of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 13

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which process will be directly inhibited?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 14

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows NAD$$^+ to be $$recycled from NADH.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle per turn?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the electron transport chain. Which symptom would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ATP production and increased fatigue.

Question 17

Which of the following molecules can be used as fuel for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Question 18

What is the main purpose of feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

To regulate and prevent the overproduction of end products.

Question 19

During chemiosmosis in mitochondria, what drives the synthesis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

The movement of H$$^+$$ ions down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why glycolysis can occur in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol and does not require oxygen or specialized organelles.

Cellular Respiration: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

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