Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a gene and an allele?

Accepted Answer

An allele is a specific form of a gene found at a particular locus.

Question 2

If an individual has two different alleles for a particular gene, what is the correct term to describe their genotype at that locus?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 3

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals ($Aa 	imes Aa$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio if $A$ is dominant over $a$?

Accepted Answer

$3:1$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each individual has two alleles for each gene, which separate during gamete formation so that each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 5

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 6

If a child inherits a recessive genetic disorder from two unaffected parents, what must be true about the parents' genotypes?

Accepted Answer

Both parents are heterozygous carriers.

Question 7

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Two genes located on different chromosomes are inherited independently of each other.

Question 8

In a dihybrid cross ($RrYy 	imes RrYy$), where $R$ is round, $r$ is wrinkled, $Y$ is yellow, and $y$ is green, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$9:3:3:1$

Question 9

A woman with genotype $Aa$ for a certain gene and a man with genotype $aa$ have a child. What is the probability that the child will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$0.5$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a test cross and its purpose?

Accepted Answer

A cross between an individual with a dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive individual to determine the genotype of the dominant individual.

Question 11

If a genetic trait is controlled by multiple genes, what is the term for this type of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Question 12

A man with blood type $AB$ and a woman with blood type $O$ have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of codominance in human genetics?

Accepted Answer

A person with type $AB$ blood expressing both $A$ and $B$ antigens equally.

Question 14

If a trait is X-linked recessive, which of the following is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

Males are more likely to express the trait than females.

Question 15

A couple has three children, all of whom are affected by a genetic disorder. The disorder is not present in either parent. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The disorder is autosomal recessive and both parents are carriers.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the genotype of an individual who is a carrier for a recessive genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 17

In a family, a mother is a carrier for hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder) and the father is unaffected. What is the probability that their son will have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

$0.5$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a possible genotype for an individual with a dominant phenotype?

Accepted Answer

aa

Question 19

A geneticist is studying a trait that shows a 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation. Which type of inheritance is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 20

If two parents with genotypes $Rr$ and $rr$ have children, what is the probability that a child will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$0.5$

Cellular Respiration: Overview and Pathways

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