Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the net equation for cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Question 2

During glycolysis, ATP is both invested and produced. If a cell starts with 2 molecules of glucose, how many net ATP molecules will be generated by glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Each glucose yields 2 net ATP, so 2 × 2 = 4 net ATP.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is essential for aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing electrons to flow and ATP to be produced.

Question 4

A cell is unable to allow protons to cross the mitochondrial membrane. What would be the most immediate effect on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis would stop because the proton-motive force could not be used.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{Energy (ATP)}$$

Question 6

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration in some bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Nitrate ($$\mathrm{NO_3$^-})$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol fermentation produces ethanol and carbon dioxide, while lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid without releasing carbon dioxide.

Question 8

Which of the following is a feedback inhibitor of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 9

Which structure within the chloroplast is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane

Question 10

In the net equation for photosynthesis, which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) is $$oxidized and carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO_2$}) is $$reduced.

Question 11

Where does the oxygen released during photosynthesis originate from?

Accepted Answer

From the splitting of water ($$\mathrm{H_2O}) $$during the light reactions.

Question 12

Which photosystem functions first in the linear electron flow of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Photosystem II

Question 13

Which molecule is the primary product of the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Question 14

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy in photosynthesis and is found in all plants?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between C3, C4, and CAM plants?

Accepted Answer

C3 plants fix CO2 directly via Rubisco, C4 plants fix CO2 into a four-carbon compound in mesophyll cells, and CAM plants fix CO2 at night and store it for use during the day.

Question 16

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 17

A cell has twice the normal amount of DNA and is preparing to divide. Which phase of the cell cycle is it most likely in?

Accepted Answer

G2 phase

Question 18

Which of the following statements about cytokinesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs via cleavage furrow formation; in plant cells, it occurs via cell plate formation.

Question 19

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is most critical for preventing the division of cells with damaged DNA?

Accepted Answer

G1 checkpoint

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can grow uncontrollably?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells lack density-dependent inhibition and anchorage-dependent inhibition, allowing them to divide without normal regulatory signals.

Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis, and the Cell Cycle: Study Guide (Chapters 9, 10, 12)

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