Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria have highly folded inner membranes (cristae)?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for ATP synthesis during cellular respiration.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall made of cellulose. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A plant cell

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

Accepted Answer

It includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles, and coordinates the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio ($$SA:V) $$for a sphere of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$SA:V = \frac{4\pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$}$$

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the rapid movement of water molecules across the membrane.

Question 7

Which of the following substances can most easily diffuse through a cell's plasma membrane without the help of transport proteins?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 8

A neuron transmits an electrical signal along its axon by:

Accepted Answer

Opening and closing voltage-gated ion channels to create an action potential.

Question 9

Which of the following is a consequence of moving charged ions across a membrane during active transport?

Accepted Answer

An electrochemical gradient is established across the membrane.

Question 10

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

A high surface area to volume ratio allows efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose fibers

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a membrane protein, without energy input.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular waste and macromolecules.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the evolutionary origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells (endosymbiotic theory).

Question 17

Which of the following is a role of the cell wall in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and preventing excessive water uptake.

Question 18

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink (crenate).

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, using ATP.

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct result of the selective permeability of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Cells can maintain internal environments different from their external surroundings.

Cellular Structure and Function: AP Biology Unit 2 Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards