Question 1

Which statement best summarizes the modern cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms, all organisms are made of one or more cells, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

Which scientist was the first to observe living cells through a simple microscope?

Accepted Answer

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

A cell is described as the minimal unit of life. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living cells?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 4

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 5

If a cell's surface area is $54\ \mathrm{cm}^2$ and its volume is $27\ \mathrm{cm}^3$, what is its surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$2:1$

Question 6

Why do smaller cells typically have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio than larger cells?

Accepted Answer

Because their volume increases faster than their surface area as they grow.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for sorting and shipping proteins in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

A mutation prevents the formation of microtubules in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of vesicles through the cytoplasm

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and enabling movement of organelles

Question 10

A protein is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and destined for secretion. Which sequence correctly describes its path?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Secretory vesicle → Plasma membrane

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 12

Which cell type would be most efficient at eliminating waste, based on surface area-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

A cell with a surface area of $31\ \mathrm{\mu m}^2$ and volume of $22\ \mathrm{\mu m}^3$

Question 13

Which of the following is a structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 14

If the nucleolus in a cell is unable to function, which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 15

Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which cytoskeletal element is most involved in the formation of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a cell wall, plasma membrane, and ribosomes, but no nucleus. What type of cell is this most likely?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small?

Accepted Answer

To maximize the surface area-to-volume ratio for efficient exchange of materials.

Question 19

If a plasma membrane protein is synthesized inside the cell, where will it end up after traveling through the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

On the outside of the plasma membrane

Question 20

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste and cellular debris in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Cellular Structure and Function: Foundations of Cell Theory and Cell Types

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