Q: During cellular respiration, which equation best represents the conversion of glucose and oxygen to energy?

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions, allowing reactions to occur more rapidly.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower concentration of solute than inside the cell. What type of solution is this, and what will happen to a plant cell in this environment?

Accepted Answer

It is a hypotonic solution; the plant cell will gain water and become turgid.

Question 3

Which process requires cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP, to move molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

What is the main function of the plasma membrane in cells?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the flow of materials to and from the environment

Question 5

Which statement about ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 6

During cellular respiration, which equation best represents the conversion of glucose and oxygen to energy?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about entropy?

Accepted Answer

Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

Question 8

A scientist adds a molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing substrate binding. What type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme inhibitor

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific in their activity?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with unique shapes and chemical properties that fit only specific substrates.

Question 10

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 11

A cell is in an environment where the concentration of solute outside the cell is higher than inside. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing metabolic reactions

Question 13

Which statement about cellular energy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cellular energy is stored in ATP and used for processes like respiration and biosynthesis.

Question 14

What is the function of ATP in muscle cells during exercise?

Accepted Answer

ATP is consumed and recycled rapidly to provide energy for muscle contraction.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the induced fit model of enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape slightly to fit the substrate, enhancing the reaction.

Question 16

Which process involves the movement of material out of the cytoplasm of a cell via membranous vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the conservation of energy in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy is converted from one form to another, but the total amount remains constant.

Question 18

A calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by how many degrees Celsius?

Accepted Answer

$1^\circ \mathrm{C}$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about passive transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport involves the diffusion of substances down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of osmoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Osmoregulation is the control of water balance in cells.

Cellular Structure, Energy, and Membrane Function in General Biology

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