Question 1

Which statement best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.

Question 2

During protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, where does translation occur?

Accepted Answer

On the ribosome in the cytoplasm

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 4

What is the monomer unit of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 5

Which component is NOT part of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Amino group

Question 6

If a DNA sequence in the nucleus is transcribed to mRNA, which process will next connect the mRNA to a protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why proteins are considered the 'biologic molecules of phenotype'?

Accepted Answer

Proteins catalyze reactions and determine cell structure and function.

Question 8

Which molecule acts as the intermediary between DNA in the nucleus and protein synthesis in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 9

A mutation changes a nucleotide in DNA. Which process will most directly determine if this mutation affects the protein produced?

Accepted Answer

Transcription followed by translation

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of monomer and polymer in the context of the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide → RNA

Question 11

Which process occurs in the nucleus and results in the formation of mRNA from DNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the central dogma?

Accepted Answer

They translate mRNA into polypeptides.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for a phosphate group as found in nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

$$PO_4$$^{3-}$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true regarding the location of DNA and protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA is found in the nucleus and protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of molecular events from gene to phenotype?

Accepted Answer

DNA → mRNA → Protein → Phenotype

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 17

Which process is responsible for converting the information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between nucleotides and nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides are the monomers that make up nucleic acids.

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct product of translation?

Accepted Answer

Polypeptide

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why changes in DNA sequence can affect phenotype?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequence determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins, which affects their function.

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: From DNA to Protein

Study Guide - Practice Questions