Q: According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow in a cell?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They can photosynthesize.

Question 2

Which experiment provided strong evidence against the theory of spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment

Question 3

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best describes an adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment

Question 5

Which statement about the cell theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are made up of cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 6

A population of beetles contains individuals with a range of shell colors. Birds preferentially eat the lighter-colored beetles, so darker beetles survive and reproduce more. Which evolutionary process is described here?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 7

Which of the following is a direct result of a mutation in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A change in the sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered alive?

Accepted Answer

They are not made up of cells.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

Evolution is a change in the characteristics of a population over time.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 11

A scientist compares the DNA sequences of three organisms and finds that two of them share more sequence similarities with each other than with the third. What can be inferred from this result?

Accepted Answer

The two organisms are more closely related to each other than to the third.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'fitness' in evolutionary biology?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an individual to produce many surviving offspring

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of the application of the chromosome theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Explaining how traits are passed from parents to offspring via genes on chromosomes

Question 14

Which of the following is a requirement for natural selection to occur in a population?

Accepted Answer

Individuals must vary in heritable characteristics.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of speciation?

Accepted Answer

The formation of new species when populations diverge

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of adaptation by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Finches with small, pointed beaks thriving when small, soft seeds are abundant

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for life as defined by modern biology?

Accepted Answer

Ability to move independently

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the phylogenetic tree of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

It depicts genealogical relationships among species with a single ancestral species at its base.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the three domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotes, while Eukarya are eukaryotes.

Chapter 1: Biology – The Study of Life

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