Q: According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct flow of genetic information?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They can photosynthesize.

Question 2

Which statement best describes the difference between a scientific theory and the everyday use of the word 'theory'?

Accepted Answer

A scientific theory is an explanation supported by a wide body of evidence.

Question 3

Which experiment provided strong evidence against the hypothesis of spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment

Question 4

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct flow of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why DNA mutations can lead to evolutionary change?

Accepted Answer

Mutations change the sequence of DNA, which can alter proteins and lead to heritable variation.

Question 6

Which of the following is a requirement for natural selection to occur in a population?

Accepted Answer

Individuals must vary in heritable characteristics.

Question 7

A population of beetles lives in a forest where birds prefer to eat green beetles over brown beetles. Over time, the population becomes mostly brown. Which concept does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the cell theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are made up of cells, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A trait that increases an individual’s fitness in a particular environment.

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct result of the process of speciation?

Accepted Answer

A population diverges to form new species.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why green algae are more closely related to land plants than to brown algae, based on DNA sequence analysis?

Accepted Answer

Green algae and land plants share more similar DNA sequences.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells are always multicellular, while prokaryotic cells are always unicellular.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the concept of fitness in evolutionary biology?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an individual to produce many surviving offspring.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of an adaptation resulting from natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Finches on the Galápagos Islands developing small, pointed beaks to eat small, soft seeds.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the tree of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

It depicts genealogical relationships among species with a single ancestral species at its base.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

Branches that share a recent common ancestor represent species that are closely related.

Question 17

Which of the following is a fundamental nutritional need for all organisms?

Accepted Answer

Acquiring chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the chromosome theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes, which are molecules of DNA.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of how biologists use genetic data to determine evolutionary relationships?

Accepted Answer

Comparing DNA sequences to find fewer variations between closely related species.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for life as defined by modern biology?

Accepted Answer

Ability to move independently

Chapter 1: Biology – The Study of Life (Mini-Textbook Study Notes)

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