$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They are capable of conscious thought.

Question 2

Which statement best describes the difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a broad explanation supported by evidence, while a hypothesis is a testable statement about a specific observation.

Question 3

Which experiment provided evidence against the idea of spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur’s swan-neck flask experiment.

Question 4

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct flow of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why DNA mutations can lead to evolutionary change?

Accepted Answer

Mutations create heritable variations that can be acted on by natural selection.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct statement about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 7

A scientist compares the DNA sequences of three organisms. Which pair is most closely related?

Land plant: $$A-T-A-T-C-G-A-G$$
Green algae: $$A-T-A-T-G-G-A-G$$
Brown algae: $$A-A-A-T-G-G-A-C$$

Accepted Answer

Land plant and green algae

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct order of taxonomic categories from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the outcome of Wittlinger’s ant navigation experiment?

Accepted Answer

Ants with shortened legs stopped short of the nest, while ants with lengthened legs walked beyond the nest.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A finch with a beak shape that allows it to eat available seeds more efficiently.

Question 11

Which of the following is a requirement for natural selection to occur in a population?

Accepted Answer

Individuals must vary in heritable traits.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of a control group in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

It allows researchers to compare results and determine the effect of the experimental variable.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct scientific name for humans, following the rules of nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

$$Homo\ sapiens$$

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the tree of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

It depicts evolutionary relationships among all organisms, with a single ancestral species at its base.

Question 15

Which of the following is a prediction that could be tested to support the food competition hypothesis for giraffe neck length?

Accepted Answer

Giraffes with longer necks feed at higher levels in trees than those with shorter necks.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between fitness and adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Adaptations are traits that increase an individual’s fitness in a particular environment.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya have a nucleus, while Bacteria and Archaea do not.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of hypothesis testing in science?

Accepted Answer

State a hypothesis and predictions, then design a study to test them.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the central dogma in action?

Accepted Answer

A mutation in DNA leads to a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Question 20

Which of the following is a requirement for a good experimental design?

Accepted Answer

Including a control group and keeping conditions constant.

Chapter 1: Biology – The Study of Life (General Biology Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions