$$ \text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein} $$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 2

Which statement best describes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are made up of cells and all cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 3

Louis Pasteur’s experiment disproved which hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous generation hypothesis

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why DNA sequence changes can lead to heritable variations?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequence changes alter the proteins produced, which can affect an organism’s traits.

Question 5

According to the central dogma, what is the correct flow of genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein} $$

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of adaptation as described in natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Finches with small, pointed beaks thriving when small, soft seeds are abundant.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

Evolution is a change in the characteristics of a population over time.

Question 8

What is the primary function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

To store and provide chemical energy for cellular processes.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a population in biological terms?

Accepted Answer

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time.

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have a nucleus, while prokaryotes do not.

Question 11

A biologist compares the DNA sequences of two species and finds fewer differences between them than with a third species. What does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

The two species are more closely related to each other than to the third species.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

All individuals must be genetically identical.

Question 13

Which theory explains how hereditary information is transmitted from one generation to the next?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome theory of inheritance

Question 14

What is the significance of the swan-neck flask in Pasteur’s experiment?

Accepted Answer

It prevented airborne cells from contaminating the nutrient broth, disproving spontaneous generation.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory in biology?

Accepted Answer

An explanation for a general class of phenomena supported by a wide body of evidence.

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the accurate transmission of genetic information from cell to cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 17

What is the role of proteins in determining an organism’s outward appearance?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are the products of gene expression and directly influence physical traits.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes speciation?

Accepted Answer

The process by which populations diverge to form new species.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the tree of life?

Accepted Answer

It depicts evolutionary history and genealogical relationships among species.

Chapter 1: Biology – The Study of Life (Mini-Textbook Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions