Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$ \text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein} $$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the five fundamental characteristics of life?

Accepted Answer

They are capable of conscious thought.

Question 2

Pasteur’s experiment with swan-necked flasks was designed to test which hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Cells arise from preexisting cells, not by spontaneous generation.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein} $$

Question 4

A scientist observes that a certain plant species has a unique flower color. Which step should the scientist take first according to the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Formulate a testable hypothesis explaining the observation.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T and C pairs with G in the double helix structure.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an adaptation as defined in evolutionary biology?

Accepted Answer

A trait that increases an individual’s fitness in a particular environment.

Question 7

In the ant navigation experiment, what was the main conclusion drawn from the results?

Accepted Answer

Desert ants use stride length and number to estimate distance to their nest.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

An explanation for a very general class of phenomena supported by a wide body of evidence.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct application of the chromosome theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes and are passed from parents to offspring.

Question 10

A population of beetles has two color morphs: green and brown. If birds preferentially eat green beetles, what is the most likely evolutionary outcome over several generations?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of brown beetles will increase due to natural selection.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct order of taxonomic categories from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 12

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why genetic variation is important for evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

It provides the raw material for selection to act upon, leading to adaptation.

Question 14

A researcher is testing the hypothesis that a new drug increases the rate of cell division. Which of the following is an essential component of a good experimental design?

Accepted Answer

Including a control group that does not receive the drug.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup, and phenotype is the observable traits resulting from gene expression.

Question 16

Which of the following is a prediction that could be made from the food competition hypothesis for giraffe neck length?

Accepted Answer

Giraffes with longer necks should feed higher in trees than those with shorter necks.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct scientific name for humans, following the rules of binomial nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens

Question 18

If a DNA sequence in a plant is $$ 	ext{A-T-A-T-C-G-A-G} $$ and in a green algae is $$ 	ext{A-T-A-T-G-G-A-G} $$, what can be inferred about their evolutionary relationship?

Accepted Answer

The plant and green algae are closely related due to fewer sequence differences.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with heritable traits that increase reproductive success become more common in a population over time.

Chapter 1: Biology – The Study of Life (General Biology Study Notes)

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