Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their genetic material enclosed within a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly orders the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Cell $\rightarrow$ Tissue $\rightarrow$ Organ $\rightarrow$ Organism

Question 3

DNA is often described as the molecule of heredity. Which statement best explains its role in the unity and diversity of life?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains genes, which are instructions for traits, and variations in DNA sequences lead to diversity among organisms.

Question 4

Which of the following best defines 'metabolism'?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life.

Question 5

A biologist is studying how a population of bacteria responds to an antibiotic over several generations. Which concept is most directly being investigated?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a 'one-way' flow of energy in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Energy from sunlight is captured by plants and eventually lost as heat.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a domain in the modern classification system?

Accepted Answer

Protista

Question 9

A scientist observes that a certain trait in a population increases in frequency after a drought. Which evolutionary mechanism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 10

Which of the following statements about mutations and natural selection is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutations occur randomly, while natural selection is a non-random process that favors beneficial traits.

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A population of insects developing resistance to a pesticide over several generations.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence in the classification hierarchy from most inclusive to least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

Domain $\rightarrow$ Kingdom $\rightarrow$ Genus $\rightarrow$ Species

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of producers in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

They convert inorganic molecules into organic molecules using energy from the sun.

Question 14

A patient is infected with a virus. Which of the following statements about viruses is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viruses require a host cell to reproduce and are not considered living organisms.

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the concept of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A lizard basking in the sun to raise its body temperature.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the flow of energy and cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Energy flows in one direction, while nutrients are recycled.

Question 17

A researcher is studying the effect of a new antibiotic on bacterial populations. After several generations, some bacteria survive and reproduce. Which biological process best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not classified as living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They cannot carry out metabolism or reproduce independently.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a real-world application of understanding genetic variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

Developing new antibiotics to combat resistant bacteria.

Question 20

A population of insects is exposed to a pesticide. After several generations, most of the population is resistant. Which process best explains this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection acting on genetic variation caused by random mutations.

Chapter 1: Evolution & The Foundations of Biology – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards