$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from largest to smallest?

Accepted Answer

Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism, Organ, Tissue, Cell, Organelle, Molecule

Question 2

Which statement best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.

Question 3

A scientist is studying the effect of soil pH on plant growth. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Soil pH

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of energy flow and chemical cycling in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Plants convert sunlight to chemical energy, which is used by organisms and eventually lost as heat, while chemical elements are recycled.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a mutually beneficial interaction between organisms?

Accepted Answer

Fish eating parasites off a turtle's shell

Question 6

According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, which of the following is most likely to occur over many generations?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of advantageous traits increases in the population.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 8

Which domain includes organisms with membrane-bound organelles?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 9

A hypothesis must be:

Accepted Answer

Testable and falsifiable

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about scientific theories?

Accepted Answer

They are supported by a large body of evidence and can generate new hypotheses.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why DNA is considered the universal genetic language?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms use DNA composed of the same four nucleotide bases: A, T, C, and G.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of reductionism in biology?

Accepted Answer

Studying the function of a single enzyme to understand metabolism.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a unifying theme of biology?

Accepted Answer

Gravity

Question 14

A population of mice living in a sandy environment has lighter fur than a population living in a forest. This difference is best explained by:

Accepted Answer

Natural selection favoring camouflage in different environments.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Genes contain the instructions for building proteins.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a controlled variable in an experiment testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth?

Accepted Answer

Amount of water each plant receives

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of domain and characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria: prokaryotic cells without a nucleus

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the cycling of chemical elements in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition by fungi and bacteria

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of a hypothesis in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

It provides a testable explanation for an observation.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of inductive reasoning in biology?

Accepted Answer

Observing that all swans you have seen are white and concluding that all swans are white.

Chapter 1: Introduction—Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions