Question 1

Which of the following is the only macromolecule group discussed that does NOT form polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 2

What is the main difference between a dehydration reaction and a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions build polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 3

When digesting carbohydrates from food, which reaction is primarily occurring in your stomach?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a monomer and its corresponding polymer?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide and polysaccharide

Question 5

What characteristic of phospholipids allows cell membranes to exist?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, forming a bilayer.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the chain.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 8

What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand 3'-TTATCCCG-5'?

Accepted Answer

5'-AATAGGGC-3'

Question 9

According to Chargaff's rules, if a DNA sample is 15% thymine, what percent of the sample is guanine?

Accepted Answer

35%

Question 10

Which type of bond joins amino acids together in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 11

Which chemical reaction joins two amino acids together?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the four levels of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 13

What type of bond gives secondary structure to proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 14

Which bond is primarily responsible for the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Disulfide bridges

Question 15

How are DNA and RNA structurally different? Select the option that lists three differences.

Accepted Answer

RNA contains uracil, is single-stranded, and has ribose sugar.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of an enzyme being exposed to a pH far from its optimum?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme may denature and lose its function.

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct formula for a pentose sugar backbone in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_5\mathrm{H}_{10}\mathrm{O}_5$$

Question 18

If a molecule has the following structure, how many carbons does it contain? (It's butane)

$$\mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_3$$

Accepted Answer

4

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharide and monosaccharide

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of a lipid bilayer in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It forms a selective barrier for the cell.

Chapter 1 Study Guide: Biological Macromolecules and Their Properties

Study Guide - Practice Questions