Question 1

Which experiment provided definitive evidence that DNA, and not protein, is the genetic material in viruses that infect bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The Hershey-Chase experiment using radioactive tracers

Question 2

According to Chargaff's rules, which of the following relationships is always true for double-stranded DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$[A] = [T]$$ and $$[G] = [C]$$

Question 3

Which component is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 4

During semiconservative replication of DNA, what is the composition of the resulting daughter molecules?

Accepted Answer

Each contains one old strand and one new strand

Question 5

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication begins at multiple origins, forming 'replication bubbles.' What is the main advantage of this mechanism?

Accepted Answer

It allows replication to occur more rapidly

Question 6

Which type of RNA carries the genetic message from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 7

What is the function of the anticodon region of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It is complementary to a specific mRNA codon

Question 8

A mutation causes a change in the DNA triplet from $$\mathrm{TAC} to$$ $$\mathrm{TAT}. If $$the original mRNA codon was $$\mathrm{AUG}$$, what will the new mRNA codon be after transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{AUA}$$

Question 9

Which process involves the removal of introns and joining of exons in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

mRNA processing

Question 10

In the lac operon of E. coli, what happens when lactose is present?

Accepted Answer

The repressor is inactivated, allowing RNA polymerase to transcribe the operon

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 12

What is the role of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It seals breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 13

Which of the following mechanisms allows eukaryotic cells to produce multiple proteins from a single gene?

Accepted Answer

Alternative splicing of mRNA

Question 14

A cell is unable to produce hemoglobin because heme is not available. Which level of gene expression control is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Translational control

Question 15

Which statement about chromatin condensation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin condensation is a way to keep genes turned off

Question 16

What is the function of transcription factors in eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

They help RNA polymerase bind to the promoter

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of gene regulation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

E. coli producing enzymes to metabolize lactose only when lactose is present

Question 18

If a DNA sequence is $$\mathrm{GCT}$$, what is the corresponding mRNA codon after transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CGA}$$

Question 19

Which phase of translation involves the ribosome binding to the mRNA and the first tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Initiation

Question 20

What is the effect of a defective transcription factor in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It can prevent RNA polymerase from binding, leading to diseases such as Huntington disease

Chapter 11: The Instructions for Life—DNA and RNA (Structure, Function, and Gene Expression)

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