Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are chromosomes that pair during meiosis, have the same genes at the same loci, but may have different alleles.

Question 2

A diploid organism has a somatic cell chromosome number of $$2n = 36. $$How many chromosomes are present in each of its gametes?

Accepted Answer

$$18$$

Question 3

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over occurs during prophase I and increases genetic variation among gametes.

Question 4

If a brain cell in a diploid animal has $$56$$ chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be found in the animal’s egg cell?

Accepted Answer

$$28$$

Question 5

Which event distinguishes meiosis I from mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes pair and then separate.

Question 6

A cell in metaphase II of meiosis has half the number of chromosomes as a cell in prophase I. How does the amount of DNA compare between these two stages?

Accepted Answer

The cell in metaphase II has half the DNA of the cell in prophase I.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains independent assortment and its impact on genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

It is the random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I, resulting in new combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in gametes.

Question 8

In the sexual life cycle of most fungi and some protists, which process immediately follows the formation of a zygote?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis, producing haploid cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the products of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Four genetically unique haploid cells are produced.

Question 10

A cell described as $$n = 16$$ has how many sets of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

$$16$$ sets of chromosomes, each set containing one chromosome.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Autosomes are chromosomes not involved in determining sex, while sex chromosomes determine the sex of an organism.

Question 12

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes line up in pairs along the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase I

Question 13

If an organism is described as $$2n = 82$$, how many homologous pairs of chromosomes does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$41$$

Question 14

Which process is responsible for producing spores that can develop into a haploid multicellular organism in plants and some algae?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 15

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase II of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate.

Question 16

A cell at the end of meiosis II has how many chromosomes and how much DNA compared to a cell in prophase I?

Accepted Answer

Half the chromosomes and one-fourth the DNA.

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis involves one cell division, while meiosis involves two.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes random fertilization and its contribution to genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

It is the random fusion of any sperm with any egg, further increasing genetic diversity among offspring.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding DNA replication in the context of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication occurs only once, before meiosis I.

Question 20

A human cell with $$n = 23$$ chromosomes undergoes fertilization. What is the chromosome number of the resulting zygote?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Chapter 13: Meiosis, Chromosomes-REVIEW

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