Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Two alleles for each gene separate randomly during gamete formation, so each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype $$Pp ($$where $$P is $$dominant for purple flowers and $$p is $$recessive for white flowers) is self-fertilized. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$ purple : $$1$$ white

Question 3

Which experimental approach did Mendel use to determine the genotype of a plant with a dominant phenotype?

Accepted Answer

He performed a testcross by breeding the plant with a homozygous recessive individual.

Question 4

In a dihybrid cross between two plants with genotype $$RrYy$$, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the $$F_2$$ generation?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 5

Which statement about dominant and recessive alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

A dominant allele exerts its effect whenever present, while a recessive allele is masked if the dominant allele is present.

Question 6

If a plant with genotype $$Ww ($$smooth seeds, where $$W is $$dominant and $$w is $$recessive) is crossed with a plant with genotype $$ww ($$wrinkled seeds), what proportion of the offspring will have smooth seeds?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a reason why humans are poor subjects for Mendelian genetic research?

Accepted Answer

Humans do not have homologous chromosomes.

Question 8

What is the definition of a 'character' in Mendel's experiments?

Accepted Answer

A heritable feature that varies among individuals, such as flower color.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants are easy to grow, develop quickly, produce many offspring, and have many traits in two forms.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct application of the multiplication rule in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the probability that two independent events will both occur by multiplying their individual probabilities.

Question 11

A plant with genotype $$PpYy is $$crossed with a plant with genotype $$ppyy. $$What is the probability that an offspring will have purple flowers and yellow seeds?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about alleles is true?

Accepted Answer

Alleles are alternate forms of a gene that arise from different mutations.

Question 13

What is the expected genotypic ratio in the $$F_2$$ generation of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous plants ($$Tt x$$ $$Tt$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$1 TT$$ : $$2 Tt$$ : $$1 tt$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a true-breeding plant?

Accepted Answer

A plant that, after generations of self-fertilization, produces offspring identical to itself.

Question 15

In Mendel's experiments, what did he call the heritable units that we now refer to as genes?

Accepted Answer

Factors

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 17

If a plant with genotype $$PP ($$purple flowers) is crossed with a plant with genotype $$pp ($$white flowers), what will be the genotype and phenotype of the $$F_1$$ generation?

Accepted Answer

Genotype: $$Pp$$, Phenotype: all purple flowers

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a feature that made pea plants suitable for Mendel's experiments?

Accepted Answer

They have only one chromosome.

Question 19

What is the main difference between a character and a trait in Mendelian genetics?

Accepted Answer

A character is a heritable feature that varies among individuals, while a trait is a specific variant of that character.

Chapter 14: Mendel & Inheritance – Principles of Classical Genetics

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