Need help with chemical reactions, molecular structures, or exam prep? Get clear, step-by-step guidance to build confidence and succeed in chemistry.

General Chemistry

Jules

From mastering Newton’s laws to tackling thermodynamics, get step-by-step support on any challenging physics topic to stay prepared for assignments and exams.

Physics with Calculus

Patrick

Struggling with evolution, ecosystems, or the human body? Master key biology concepts with clear explanations that make learning easier.

General Biology

Jason

Confused by balance sheets, income statements, or debits and credits? Get accounting concepts broken down step-by-step to build confidence for assignments and exams.

Financial Accounting

Brian

From memory and learning to personality and behavior, explore key psychology concepts and theories in a way that makes class discussions, labs, and tests easier.

Introduction to Psychology

Hannah

Need help with supply and demand, market structures, or elasticity? Complex ideas in microeconomics become clear with guided explanations and examples.

Microeconomics

Struggling with the skeletal system, organ functions, or body processes? Connect the dots across anatomy and physiology to master the material with confidence.

Anatomy & Physiology

Bruce

Having trouble with equations, functions, or graphing? Algebra concepts are explained clearly to help solve problems faster and prepare for quizzes and exams.

College Algebra

Lost in reaction mechanisms, functional groups, or synthesis problems? Organic chemistry becomes manageable through step-by-step guidance and practice.

Organic Chemistry

Johnny

From Punnett squares to gene expression and DNA replication, genetics concepts are explained clearly to make problem solving more straightforward.

Genetics

Kylia

Balancing general, organic, and biochemistry in one course can be tough. Key concepts are connected across all three areas to help everything make sense together.

GOB Chemistry

New to chemistry? Atoms, elements, and reactions are broken down into simple steps to build a strong foundation for success in class and labs.

Introduction to Chemistry

Struggling with bacteria, viruses, or lab techniques? Microbiology concepts are simplified to keep studying efficient and exam prep on track.

Microbiology

From membranes and organelles to signaling pathways, cell biology is explained clearly to connect structure and function with ease.

Cell Biology

Need help with titrations, spectroscopy, or chromatography? Analytical chemistry concepts are simplified to support labs and problem sets.

Analytical Chemistry

Angles, identities, and trig functions giving you trouble? Trigonometry is explained step-by-step so solving problems feels more approachable.

Trigonometry

Callie

Need a solid foundation before calculus? Precalculus concepts like functions, sequences, and limits are clarified to prepare you for success.

Precalculus

Nick

From limits and derivatives to integrals and applications, calculus concepts are broken down to make homework and exams less stressful.

Calculus

Want to apply calculus to real-world business problems? Rates, optimization, and economic models are explained in simple terms for practical use.

Business Calculus

From probability to hypothesis testing, statistics concepts are explained step-by-step to build problem-solving skills and exam readiness.

Introductory Statistics

Struggling with data analysis, probability, or regression? Statistics is connected to real-world business decisions to make concepts easier to apply.

Statistics for Business

From proteins and enzymes to metabolism and pathways, biochemistry concepts are connected across chemistry and biology for deeper understanding.

Biochemistry

Need help with GDP, inflation, or monetary policy? Macroeconomics is simplified to highlight the big picture and boost exam performance.

Macroeconomics

Learn topics such as nutrition, physical activity, mental health, stress management and healthy lifestyle choices.

Personal Health

From macronutrients and vitamins to metabolism and diet planning, nutrition concepts are explained clearly and connected to real-life examples.

Nutrition

Learn how medical terms are built and what they mean by breaking them into simple parts. This course helps you understand and use the language of healthcare with confidence.

Medical Terminology

Explore how human societies are organized, how social relationships shape behavior, and how cultural, economic, and political forces influence everyday life.

Introduction to Sociology

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Beginning Algebra with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors 

Beginning Algebra

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Intermediate Algebra with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors 

Intermediate Algebra

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Beginning & Intermediate Algebra with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors

Beginning & Intermediate Algebra

Confused by cells, genetics, or how life works? Explore the building blocks of biology with simple, engaging explanations that turn complex science into concepts you'll actually understand.

Introductory Biology

Curious about how your body works? Dive into human biology with clear, approachable lessons that break down anatomy, physiology, and everything that keeps you alive and thriving.

Human Biology

Physics with Algebra

Need a solid foundation before calculus? Algebra and Trigonometry concepts like functions and sequences are clarified to prepare you for success.

Algebra & Trigonometry

From logic and problem solving to voting systems, personal finance, and statistics, liberal arts math topics are explained step-by-step to build confidence with real-world mathematical thinking and strong preparation for quizzes and exams.

Liberal Arts Math

From logic and problem solving to ratios, finance, and statistics, quantitative reasoning concepts are explained step-by-step to build confidence applying mathematics to everyday situations, workplace contexts, and practical decision-making.

Quantitative Reasoning

Learn the type of accounting that focuses on providing financial information to internal stakeholders within an organization

Managerial Accounting

Tyler

Learn the guidelines that govern how financial transactions are recorded and reported

Principles of Accounting

From whole numbers and integers to equations and graphing, develop a strong understanding of foundational math concepts with clear, step-by-step support every step of the way.

Prealgebra

Master the fundamentals of algebra as you solve equations, analyze patterns, and work with mathematical relationships through guided, step-by-step instruction.

Prealgebra & Beginning Algebra

From foundational arithmetic through advanced algebraic concepts, develop the skills to solve increasingly complex mathematical problems with comprehensive, step-by-step support.

Prealgebra, Beginning Algebra, & Intermediate Algebra

Adult Learning

My Courses

College Courses

Professional Courses

Chemistry

Biology

Physics

Math

Social Sciences

Health Sciences

Business

Developmental Math

Statistics

Learn AI for Business with ITPro Instructor

AI for Business

Learn How LLMs can understand and produce human language 

How LLMs can understand and produce human language

Learn Jumpstart Your AI Career with Anne T. Griffin

Jumpstart Your AI Career

Learn Copilot for Customer Service Specialists with Ross Smith

Copilot for Customer Service Specialists

Learn Copilot for Product Managers with Paul Furlan

Copilot for Product Managers

Learn Copilot for Human Resources Specialists with Ross Smith

Copilot for Human Resources Specialists

Learn Copilot for Executive and Administrative Assistants with Kartik Kashinath

Copilot for Executive and Administrative Assistants

Learn Copilot for Marketing Specialists with Tim Warner

Copilot for Marketing Specialists

Learn Copilot for Project Managers with Shaun Wassell

Copilot for Project Managers

Learn Copilot for Sales Representatives and Account Managers with Lydia Evelyn

Copilot for Sales Representatives and Account Managers

Learn Copilot for Data Analysts with Daniil Maslyuk

Copilot for Data Analysts

Learn Copilot for Financial Analysts with Daniil Maslyuk

Copilot for Financial Analysts

Learn Enhance Your Productivity with AI with Tiago Costa

Enhance Your Productivity with AI

Learn Generative AI for Agile & Scrum Teams with Shaun Wassell

Generative AI for Agile & Scrum Teams

Learn Generative AI Toolbox with Shaun Wassell

Generative AI Toolbox

Learn ChatGPT Prompt Engineering Essentials with Shaun Wassell

ChatGPT Prompt Engineering Essentials

Learn Generative AI for Marketing Professionals with Tim Warner

Generative AI for Marketing Professionals

Learn Copilot with Microsoft Excel - with Alan Murray

Copilot with Microsoft Excel

Learn AI-Enhanced Project Management with Megan Andrew

AI-Enhanced Project Management

In this course you will learn why Agile product and projects management form the foundation of a successful business. You will master the skills of incremental delivery of products that delight customers, and the ability to validate product hypotheses.

Agile & Product Management

In this course you will learn how to understand marketing analytics beyond advertising. You will learn how to reason about numbers and what questions you should ask analytics experts. 

Digital Marketing Analytics

In this course you will learn how to master modern project management! You will learn the most important elements in project management: organizing your project, developing project scope and risk assessments. 

Project Management

In this course you will learn what AI can do in the marketing world, how to recognize when it will work, what the process is to implement it, and who you need to work with to succeed.

AI in Marketing

In this Python course you will learn how to : think like a programmer, solve mini practice problems in Python and build three small games. 
Once the basics are down, you will be introduced to data analysis, external libraries and virtual environments.


Introduction to Python

In this Introduction to Microsoft Power BI course, you will learn how to : import and transform data in Power Query Editor , build a data model that supports self-service analysis and develop reports and visualizations using the Power BI Desktop. 

Microsoft Power BI

In this course you will learn what blockchain and cryptocurrency are, how they work, and how these technologies are being applied. The course explains what smart contracts are and how they work, the rise of new funding mechanisms.

Blockchain and Cryptocurrency

In this course expert developer Lee Donahoe and renowned instructor Michael Hartl teach the specific concepts, skills, and approaches in HTML, CSS and Layouts you need to get the job done.

HTML, CSS and Layout

In this R Programming course you will learn the most important parts of R - the statistical programming language, from the very basics to complex modeling. 

R Programming

Learn AI for Managers Elevate Your Coaching, Feedback, and Employee Engagement Using AI Tools with Leila Bulling Towne

AI for Managers Elevate Your Coaching, Feedback, and Employee Engagement Using AI Tools

AI Fluency

GenAI for Job Roles

<div><span style='color:#020917;'>Get 50% OFF your first month and ace this semester !</span><span style='margin-left:16px; color:#020917; font-weight:400;'>Use Promo Code GET50 to unlock your exclusive deal!</span></div>

<span>Limited time offer ⏳:50% off your first month of Channels. Use code <span style='color:#F5FFBA;'>EXAMPREP50</span>.</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a target='_blank' href='https://www.pearson.com/en-us/pearsonplus/campaigns/bookstore-terms-and-conditions.html'>Term & Conditions</a>

<span>NOT USED Limited time offer ⏳:50% off your first month of Channels. Use code <span style='color:#F5FFBA;'>EXAMPREP50</span>.</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a target='_blank' href='https://www.pearson.com/en-us/pearsonplus/campaigns/bookstore-terms-and-conditions.html'>Term & Conditions</a>

<div><span> Get ready to ace this semester with Channels exam prep feature! Enter code <span style='color:#F5FFBA;'>DISCOUNT20</span> at checkout and get 20% off.</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href='/channels/subscription?CEP=Braze_banner_DISCOUNT20_march2024'>Buy Now BOOM></a></div>

<span>Limited time offer! Get 20% off your initial Channels subscription by using code DISCOUNT20 at checkout.</span>

Chapter 14: Speciation and Extinction – Study Notes

Study Guide - Learn with Videos

Natural Selection and Evolution

Introduction to Speciation

The Biological Species Concept

Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation

Adaptive Radiation

Extinctions

History of Evolutionary Thought

Introduction to Phylogeny

Phylogeny

Building Phylogenetic Trees

Cladistics