Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from 5'-ATG-3' to 5'-ATA-3' in the coding strand. What effect will this have on the resulting protein, given that AUG is the start codon?

Accepted Answer

The protein will not be produced because the start codon is lost.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is redundant, meaning multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 4

During transcription in eukaryotes, which of the following sequences signals the addition of a poly(A) tail to the pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Polyadenylation signal sequence

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why DNA, RNA, and polypeptides are all linear (unbranched) polymers?

Accepted Answer

Linear structure allows for the storage and transfer of sequential information.

Question 6

In eukaryotic transcription, what is the role of the TATA box?

Accepted Answer

It is a promoter region that helps position RNA polymerase II.

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the location of transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between the template strand and the RNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

The RNA transcript is complementary to the template strand and nearly identical to the coding strand (with U replacing T).

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of RNA splicing in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Introns are removed and exons are joined together.

Question 10

A researcher discovers a new RNA molecule that can catalyze a chemical reaction. Which property is NOT a reason why RNA can act as a catalyst?

Accepted Answer

RNA is double-stranded like DNA.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the significance of alternative RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during transcription in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 13

A mutation in the promoter region of a gene most likely affects which aspect of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

The ability of RNA polymerase to bind and initiate transcription

Question 14

Which of the following statements about codons is correct?

Accepted Answer

There are 61 codons for amino acids and 3 stop codons.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the direction in which RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3' direction, reading the template strand 3' to 5'

Question 16

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by a mutation that prevents the addition of a 5' cap to mRNA. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will not be exported from the nucleus and will be rapidly degraded.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the poly(A) tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Helps ribosomes attach to the 5' end of the mRNA

Question 18

In a prokaryotic cell, which of the following statements is true regarding transcription and translation?

Accepted Answer

Translation begins before transcription is finished.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes an exon?

Accepted Answer

A coding sequence that remains in the mature mRNA

Question 20

A scientist is studying a gene with the following DNA sequence on the template strand: 3'-TACGGT-5'. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUGCCA-3'

Chapter 17 Gene Expression: Transcription – Guided Study Notes

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