Question 1

Which of the following best explains why carbon monoxide (CO) is deadly to humans?

Accepted Answer

CO binds to hemoglobin more tightly than oxygen, preventing oxygen transport to tissues.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical animal circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A respiratory surface

Question 3

In which type of circulatory system does the circulating fluid directly bathe the organs and tissues, rather than being confined to vessels?

Accepted Answer

Open circulatory system

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the path of blood flow in the human cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Heart → arteries → capillaries → veins → heart

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the legs. Which of the following is a potential life-threatening complication if a clot dislodges?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary embolism, which can block blood flow in the lungs

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

Systole refers to the contraction phase, and diastole refers to the relaxation phase of the heart.

Question 7

A person with persistent blood pressure readings of 150/95 mmHg is at risk for which condition, and what is the medical term for this?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension, which increases the risk of heart attack and stroke

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why capillary walls are thin and leaky?

Accepted Answer

To allow efficient exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues

Question 9

What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?

Accepted Answer

To initiate blood clotting by releasing factors that convert fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 10

A patient with anemia is found to have low hemoglobin levels. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygen delivery to body tissues

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in the body?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct effect of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygen supply to heart muscle, potentially causing angina or heart attack

Question 13

Which of the following equations best represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 14

During inhalation, which of the following occurs to allow air to enter the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing chest cavity volume and lowering air pressure in the lungs

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why emphysema leads to difficulty in breathing?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of alveoli reduces surface area for gas exchange

Question 16

A person is found to have a mutation causing a deficiency in a clotting factor. Which disease is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the pacemaker (sinoatrial node) in the heart?

Accepted Answer

It generates electrical impulses that coordinate the contraction of the heart's atria

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between the pulmonary and systemic circuits in humans?

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary circuit carries blood between the heart and lungs, while the systemic circuit carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of smoking on the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Smoking damages alveoli, leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and decreased gas exchange

Chapter 23: Circulation and Respiration – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards