Question 1

Which property of carbon most directly contributes to the molecular diversity of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 2

Which of the following is the simplest organic compound, and what is its molecular formula?

Accepted Answer

Methane, $CH_4$

Question 3

Hydrocarbons are composed of which elements?

Accepted Answer

Carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements are called:

Accepted Answer

Isomers

Question 5

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($COOH$)

Question 6

Which type of reaction is responsible for joining monomers to form polymers, and what is a byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Condensation (dehydration synthesis); water is produced

Question 7

Which polysaccharide is used for energy storage in animal liver?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 8

Why does high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) taste sweeter than regular corn syrup?

Accepted Answer

HFCS contains a higher proportion of fructose isomers, which are sweeter than glucose

Question 9

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms

Question 10

Trans fats are produced by which chemical process, and what is a major health risk associated with their consumption?

Accepted Answer

Partial hydrogenation; increased risk of cardiovascular disease

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage

Question 12

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain represents which level of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 13

Which type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 14

A mutation in the DNA sequence that changes the amino acid sequence of a protein can result in:

Accepted Answer

A protein with altered function or no function

Question 15

Which of the following correctly describes the base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine; cytosine pairs with guanine

Question 16

Which of the following is a monomer of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why lactase persistence (the ability to digest lactose into adulthood) is considered a selective advantage in certain human populations?

Accepted Answer

It enables individuals to utilize milk and dairy products as a food source when other crops are unavailable

Question 18

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction

Question 19

Which of the following factors can affect enzyme activity in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Temperature, pH, and concentration of inhibitors

Question 20

A multi-step problem: If a mutation changes the DNA sequence from $AAG$ to $TAG$, what is the most likely consequence for the protein produced?

Accepted Answer

The protein will have a different amino acid at that position, potentially altering its function

Chapter 3: Molecules of Cells – Structure and Function of Biological Macromolecules

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