Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why trans-fats are considered more harmful to cardiovascular health than saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans-fats are produced by hydrogenating unsaturated fats, which alters their structure and increases their negative impact on cholesterol levels.

Question 2

Which functional group, when added to a hydrocarbon, increases its polarity and makes it hydrophilic?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$\mathrm{-OH})$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between a dehydration reaction and a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A dehydration reaction joins monomers to form polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Fat

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the folding of proteins in their cells. Which type of molecule is most likely defective in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Chaperone proteins

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Animals lack the enzyme necessary to hydrolyze the $$\beta-$$glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biomolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 8

A triglyceride is formed by joining which of the following subunits?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

Question 9

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids form the main component of cell membranes due to their amphipathic nature.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions, structural support, and transport

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why ATP is called the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP contains high-energy phosphate bonds that, when hydrolyzed, release energy for cellular work.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-life example of a hydrolysis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of maltose into two glucose molecules in the human intestine

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits in a functional protein

Question 15

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose; RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 16

A person with lactose intolerance is unable to digest lactose because they lack which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions without being changed or used up.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of waxes in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of water loss in plants

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It is a steroid that is a component of plasma membranes and a precursor for other steroids.

Chapter 3: The Chemistry of Organic Molecules – General Biology Study Notes

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