Q: Which equation best represents the relationship between the frequency of action potentials ($f$) and the intensity of a stimulus ($I$) in a sensory neuron?

$f = k \times I$, where $k$ is a proportionality constant

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary trend of cephalization in nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

The clustering of sensory neurons and interneurons at the anterior end of the body

Question 2

Which glial cell type is primarily responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier in vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 3

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of signals between the brain and the lower limbs. Which part of the nervous system is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why aspirin and ibuprofen are effective at reducing pain?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins, reducing nociceptor sensitivity

Question 5

Which equation best represents the relationship between the frequency of action potentials ($f$) and the intensity of a stimulus ($I$) in a sensory neuron?

Accepted Answer

$f = k 	imes I$, where $k$ is a proportionality constant

Question 6

A person is exposed to a constant, unchanging odor for several minutes and eventually stops noticing it. Which sensory phenomenon is responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Sensory adaptation

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting action potentials between neurons

Question 8

Which type of sensory receptor is responsible for detecting the Earth's magnetic field in migratory animals?

Accepted Answer

Electromagnetic receptors

Question 9

A person touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand before feeling pain. Which neural circuit is responsible for this rapid response?

Accepted Answer

A reflex arc in the spinal cord

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the enteric division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controls activity of the digestive tract, pancreas, and gallbladder

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the cochlea is correct?

Accepted Answer

It distinguishes pitch because the basilar membrane is not uniform along its length

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why nocturnal animals have a higher proportion of rods in their retinas?

Accepted Answer

Rods are more sensitive to low light and are used for night vision

Question 13

A person is unable to distinguish between sweet and umami tastes but can still detect sour, salty, and bitter. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Loss of specific chemoreceptors for sweet and umami tastants

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of sensory transduction?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of a stimulus energy into a change in membrane potential of a sensory receptor

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pathway for visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Photoreceptors → Bipolar cells → Ganglion cells → Optic nerve → Brain

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the speed of a nerve impulse ($v$), the diameter of the axon ($d$), and the presence of myelin ($m$), where $m = 1$ if myelinated and $m = 0$ if not?

Accepted Answer

$v = k 	imes d 	imes (1 + m)$

Question 17

A person with damage to the right optic tract would most likely have difficulty perceiving:

Accepted Answer

Visual information from the left visual field of both eyes

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the same neurotransmitter can have different effects on different target cells?

Accepted Answer

Different target cells have different types of receptors for the neurotransmitter

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of mechanoreceptors in action?

Accepted Answer

A cat using its whiskers to detect the shape of an object in the dark

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of otoliths in the vertebrate inner ear?

Accepted Answer

They help perceive position relative to gravity and linear movement

Chapter 38: Nervous and Sensory Systems – Structure and Function

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