Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, whereas prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying drugs in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Which type of cell is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which of the following would most likely result from this mutation?

Accepted Answer

The cell would accumulate undigested macromolecules and damaged organelles.

Question 7

Which structure is responsible for the directional movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 8

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which of the following is evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic ancestors?

Accepted Answer

They contain circular DNA and ribosomes similar to those of bacteria.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It facilitates cell communication and regulates cell behavior.

Question 10

A researcher is studying a eukaryotic cell and observes that proteins synthesized on the rough ER are not being secreted from the cell. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

Which of the following cell junctions forms a watertight seal between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They oxidize molecules and detoxify harmful substances, producing $$H_2O_2 as a $$byproduct.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

It stores inorganic ions and water, helping maintain cell turgor.

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a large number of ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of large amounts of proteins for export

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are able to grow and reproduce independently within eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key feature shared by all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomes

Question 17

A mutation in a plant cell prevents the formation of plasmodesmata. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of water and small solutes between adjacent cells

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the concept of emergent properties in cellular biology?

Accepted Answer

Cellular functions arise from the complex interactions and organization of cellular components.

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the process of photosynthesis occurring in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 20

A cell is exposed to a toxin that disrupts the function of microfilaments. Which of the following processes would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance and change of cell shape, including muscle contraction

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell — General Biology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards