Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Bound ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall made of cellulose. What type of cell is this most likely?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 4

Which structure is found in animal cells but NOT in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 5

The endosymbiont theory explains the origin of which two organelles?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packages and modifies proteins for transport

Question 7

A cell is observed to have many microvilli on its surface. What is the primary advantage of this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Increases the surface area for absorption

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio for a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{6l^2$}{l^3$}$$

Question 9

Which organelle is directly involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of alcohol, producing hydrogen peroxide as a by-product?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 10

A mutation causes a cell to lose its ability to form tight junctions. Which tissue function would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of leakage between cells

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Support and motility

Question 12

Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration and contains cristae to increase surface area for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

Which of the following structures allows direct passage of molecules between adjacent plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a large number of bound ribosomes and an extensive rough ER. What is this cell likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein secretion

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for the formation of ribosomal subunits?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small?

Accepted Answer

To maximize the surface area to volume ratio for efficient exchange of materials

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs

Question 19

Which structure is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 20

A cell is observed to have many cilia arranged in a '9+2' pattern. What is the primary function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Locomotion or movement of fluid across the cell surface

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell – Structure and Function of Cells

Study Guide - Practice Questions