Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the surface area-to-volume ratio for a cube-shaped cell?

$6 \times (\text{side length})^2 \div (\text{side length})^3$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

A scientist wants to observe the detailed internal structure of a mitochondrion. Which type of microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 4

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 5

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 6

A mutation causes a cell to be unable to synthesize or secrete proteins. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 9

A cell is observed to have a double membrane, its own DNA, and ribosomes. Which organelle is being described?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the surface area-to-volume ratio for a cube-shaped cell?

Accepted Answer

$6 	imes (	ext{side length})^2 \div (	ext{side length})^3$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 13

A researcher stains a cell with a fluorescent marker that binds to actin. Which cytoskeletal structure will be most visible?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow the passage of water, ions, and small molecules between adjacent plant cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is a key difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

The rough ER is studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins, while the smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids.

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

They break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances, producing hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps cells communicate with each other.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are believed to have originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 20

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the structure of their intermediate filaments. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Cells lose their shape and structural integrity, leading to fragile tissues.

Chapter 4: The Structure and Function of the Cell

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