Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the surface area-to-volume ratio ($$\frac{SA}{V}) in $$determining cell size?

Accepted Answer

A high $$\frac{SA}{V}$$ ratio is necessary for efficient exchange of materials and energy between the cell and its environment.

Question 2

Which organelle is responsible for aerobic respiration and contains its own circular DNA, supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with the following features: a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and linear chromosomes. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 4

Which structure is found only in plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 5

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria originated from free-living bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria reproduce by binary fission and have circular DNA similar to bacteria.

Question 6

Which cell junction prevents leakage of extracellular fluid between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 7

A mutation disrupts the function of microtubules in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of chromosomes during cell division

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smaller size increases the $$\frac{SA}{V}$$ ratio, allowing efficient exchange of materials.

Question 9

Which organelle packages proteins for secretion and modifies them by adding carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 12

Which cell covering is composed primarily of cellulose and provides structural support to plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances and breaking down glycogen in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and can be free-floating or attached to the rough ER.

Question 15

Which process involves the movement of materials into the cell by the pinching off of the cell membrane to form a vesicle?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus containing DNA in linear chromosomes.

Question 17

Which cell junction allows for the direct sharing of small molecules and ions between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps cells adhere to one another.

Question 19

Which organelle is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 20

A cell is observed to divide by binary fission, lacks a nucleus, and has circular DNA. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Chapter 4: Tour of the Cell – General Biology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards