Question 1

The 'acid' in nucleic acid comes from which functional group?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group

Question 2

The 'acid' in amino acid comes from which functional group?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 3

In the provided images, dimer A is composed of amino acids. What is the name of the bond that holds the monomers together?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why carbohydrates are relatively reactive and participate in many biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They contain several carbonyl and hydroxyl groups.

Question 5

Which statement about glycosidic linkages in carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkages can form between any two -OH groups of monosaccharides.

Question 6

A person who is lactose intolerant cannot digest lactose but can digest maltose. What does this demonstrate about carbohydrate structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Simple changes in structure can cause big changes in function.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true about amino acids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

They link as only linear molecules.

Question 8

Cellulose absorbs water in your intestines because:

Accepted Answer

It has lots of hydrogen bonds.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Serving as precursors for nucleotides and amino acids

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is used for energy storage, while cellulose provides structural support.

Question 11

Which of the following molecules has the most potential energy available for a cell?

Accepted Answer

C$_6$H$_{12}$O$_6$

Question 12

Which property of carbohydrates allows them to serve as cell identity markers?

Accepted Answer

They can form glycoproteins and glycolipids on cell surfaces.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A simple sugar with the general formula $(CH_2O)_n$

Question 14

Which functional group is found at the end of an aldose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group

Question 15

Which of the following statements about glycosidic linkages is true?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are specific to the type of glycosidic linkage they can hydrolyze.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is considered insoluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Its β-glycosidic linkages are difficult to hydrolyze.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of the ring structure of monosaccharides in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

The ring structure is more stable than the linear form.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the digestion of dietary carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is excreted as fiber because humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze its β-glycosidic bonds.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of carbohydrates in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are synthesized from CO$_2$ and H$_2$O using sunlight.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct ranking of molecules from least to most potential energy for a cell?

Accepted Answer

CO$_2$ < H$_2$O < C$_6$H$_{12}$O$_6$

Chapter 5: An Introduction to Carbohydrates – Structure, Function, and Biological Roles

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