Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general molecular formula for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 2

A monosaccharide with the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain is classified as which type of sugar?

Accepted Answer

Aldose

Question 3

Which structural feature distinguishes D-mannose from D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

The orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a way that monosaccharides can differ from one another?

Accepted Answer

Type of glycosidic linkage

Question 5

In aqueous solution, glucose most commonly exists in which form?

Accepted Answer

Ring configuration

Question 6

Which type of reaction links two monosaccharides together to form a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Condensation

Question 7

What is the name of the bond formed between two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 8

Which of the following polysaccharides is composed of unbranched chains of $$\alpha-$$glucose monomers joined by $$\alpha-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages?

Accepted Answer

Amylose

Question 9

Which polysaccharide is found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans and contains N-acetylglucosamine monomers?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 10

What is the major structural difference between cellulose and starch?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages, while starch contains $$\alpha-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages.

Question 11

Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing $$\alpha-$$glycosidic linkages in glycogen molecules in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylase

Question 12

Why do carbohydrates store more chemical energy than carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates have more $$C-H$$ and $$C-C$$ bonds, which have higher potential energy than $$C=O$$ bonds in $$CO_2.$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Cell identity

Question 14

Which polysaccharide is highly branched and serves as the main energy storage molecule in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 15

Which of the following statements about peptidoglycan is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It contains alternating monosaccharides joined by $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages and peptide cross-links.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan function as structural molecules?

Accepted Answer

They have $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages and form fibers that exclude water.

Question 17

Which of the following bonds in carbohydrates has the highest potential energy?

Accepted Answer

$$C-H$$ bonds

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of starch in your mouth and small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Amylase hydrolyzing $$\alpha-$$glycosidic linkages

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct product of photosynthesis in plants, as described by the equation $$CO_2 + H_2O$$ + 	ext{sunlight} ightarrow (CH_2O)_n + $$O_2$$?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is unbranched, while amylopectin is branched due to $$\alpha-1$$,6-glycosidic linkages.

Chapter 5: An Introduction to Carbohydrates – Structure, Types, and Functions

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