Q: Which of the following reactions summarizes the process of photosynthesis as it relates to carbohydrate formation?

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ + \text{sunlight} \rightarrow (CH_2O)_n + $$O_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the general molecular formula for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$C_nH_{2n}O_n$$

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in cells?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes to catalyze reactions

Question 3

What distinguishes an aldose from a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

The location of the carbonyl group

Question 4

Which polysaccharide is the main storage form of carbohydrate in animals, and where is it primarily stored?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; stored in liver and muscle cells

Question 5

Which type of glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

$$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkage; provides structural support in plant cell walls

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing glycogen in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylase

Question 7

A patient is unable to digest cellulose in their diet. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to hydrolyze $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why starch and glycogen are easily hydrolyzed compared to cellulose?

Accepted Answer

They contain $$\alpha-$$glycosidic linkages, which are recognized by common digestive enzymes

Question 9

Which carbohydrate is a major component of fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons, and what is its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Chitin; N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)

Question 10

Which of the following reactions summarizes the process of photosynthesis as it relates to carbohydrate formation?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ + 	ext{sunlight} ightarrow (CH_2O)_n + $$O_2$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in cell-cell recognition and signaling

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is unbranched and contains only $$\alpha-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages, while amylopectin is branched and contains both $$\alpha-1$$,4- and $$\alpha-1$$,6-glycosidic linkages

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cellulose provides structural support in plants?

Accepted Answer

It forms linear strands with hydrogen bonds between parallel strands, creating strong fibers

Question 14

Which of the following is true about peptidoglycan?

Accepted Answer

It is found in bacterial cell walls and contains $$\beta-1$$,4-glycosidic linkages with peptide cross-links

Question 15

A scientist is studying a polysaccharide that is highly branched and found in animal muscle tissue. Which polysaccharide is this, and what type of linkage creates its branches?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; $$\alpha-1$$,6-glycosidic linkage

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process by which monosaccharides are joined to form polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A condensation reaction forms a glycosidic linkage between two hydroxyl groups

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of the inability to digest certain polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Dietary fiber, such as cellulose, passes through the digestive tract undigested and aids in digestive health

Question 18

Which of the following equations represents the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$(CH_2O)_n + O_2$ + ADP + P_i \rightarrow CO_2$ + H_2O + ATP$$

Chapter 5: An Introduction to Carbohydrates – General Biology Study Notes

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