Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and no double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 2

Which class of macromolecules does NOT form true polymers?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 3

A dehydration reaction is important in the synthesis of which biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

It forms polymers from monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct description of the structure of a fat (triglyceride) molecule?

Accepted Answer

A fat molecule consists of three fatty acids joined to a glycerol by ester linkages.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue in mammals?

Accepted Answer

It stores long-term energy reserves.

Question 6

Which type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides to create a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 7

Cellulose and starch are both polymers of glucose. What is the key structural difference between them?

Accepted Answer

Starch has alpha ($\alpha$) glycosidic linkages, while cellulose has beta ($\beta$) linkages.

Question 8

Which of the following is a major function of polysaccharides in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and structural support

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with sickle-cell disease. Which molecular change is responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

A single amino acid substitution in the primary structure of hemoglobin.

Question 10

Which of the following correctly describes the levels of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure involves hydrogen bonds forming alpha helices and beta sheets.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing hereditary information

Question 13

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid — Nucleotide

Question 14

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have two fatty acid tails and a phosphate group attached to glycerol.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds to form polynucleotides.

Question 17

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 18

A patient consumes a diet high in trans fats. Which health risk is most directly associated with this dietary choice?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to plaque deposits.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why cell membranes are selectively permeable?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails in the phospholipid bilayer allows selective passage of substances.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of a structural polysaccharide and its biological role?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose in plant cell walls for structural support.

Chapter 5: Biomolecules – Structure and Function of Macromolecules in Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions